Rules of tag questions

কথা বলার সময় অনুমোদন বা স্বীকৃতি লাভের জন্য Affirmative বা Negative Statement এর শেষে যে একটি ছোট Question জুড়ে দেয়া হয় তাকে  Tag Question বলে। যেমনঃ
We should not tell a lie, should we?

Tag Question - এর গঠন 

**1. যেহেতু Auxiliary verb এর সাহায্যে Tag question করতে হয়।তাই tag question করার সময় লক্ষ্য করতে হবে যে সেই বাক্যে কোন Auxiliary verb আছে কিনা। যেমনঃ

Reza is a bright student.      Ans: Reza is a bright student, isn’t he?

**2. Sentence টি Affirmative হলে Tag question এর অংশটি Negative হবে। যেমনঃ

Mary can speak English.          Ans: Mary can speak English, can’t she?

**3. Sentence টি Negative হলে Tag question এর অংশটি Affirmative হয়। যেমনঃ

They are not funny.         Ans: They are not funny, are they?

**4. Am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, has, have, had, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, need, dare, ought to, used to, must এই সব Auxiliary verb থাকলে এগুলো দিয়েই Tag question করতে হয়। Negative করার সময় এগুলোর সংগে not যুক্ত করতে হয়। এবং এর সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

**5. Sentence টিতে যদি কোন Auxiliary verb না থাকে এবং sentence টি যদি present indefinite tense হয় তবে do/does ব্যবহার করতে হয়। (Affirmative থাকলে Negative আর Negative থাকলে Affirmative করতে হবে) যেমনঃ

We sleep at night.         Ans: We sleep at night, don’t we?

Sentence টি যদি past tense এ থাকে তাহলে did ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমনঃ

I went to school yesterday.        Ans: I went to school yesterday, didn’t I?

**6. আদেশ (order) ও অনুরোধ (request) যু্ক্ত sentence কে Tag question অংশে “Will you?, Can you? অথবা, Could you?” ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমনঃ

Give me a glass of water.        Ans: Give me a glass of water, can you?

**7. Don’t/never দ্বারা sentence শুরু হলে Tag question হিসেবে “will you?” ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমনঃ

Don’t waste time.      Ans: Don’t waste time, will you?

**8. Let’s (let us) দ্বার sentence শুরু হলে Tag question হিসেবে “shall we?” ব্যবহার হয়। যেমনঃ

Let’s discuss the matter.               Ans: Let’s discuss the matter, shall we?

**9. Let এর পর us না থাকলে Tag question এর সময় “will you?” ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমনঃ

Let me do the work.        Ans: Let me do the work, will you?

**10. Nothing, everything, something ইত্যাদি ক্ষেত্রে Tag question এর subject হিসেবে “it” ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমনঃ

Nothing is impossible.       Ans: Nothing is impossible, is it?

**11. Everyone, Everybody, Anyone, Anybody, Someone, Somebody এবং All দ্বারা গঠিত sentence এর Tag question এর subject হিসেবে “they” ব্যবহার হয়। যেমনঃ

Everybody should do his duty.

Ans: Everybody should do his duty, shouldn’t they?

**12. কোন sentence এর subject যদি I হয় এবং I এর পরে am হলে tag এর সময় “aren’t I” বসে। যেমনঃ

I am happy.          Ans: I am happy, aren’t I?

কিন্তু I এর পরে am not হলে tag এর সময় “am I” বসে। যেমনঃ

I am not a liar.       Ans: I am not a liar, am I?

**13. Never, no, none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, barely, hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom, few, little etc এ ধরনের শব্দ থাকলে এগুলোকে Negative হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয়। এবং Tag এর সময় Affirmative করতে হয়। যেমনঃ

Nobody called you.    Ans: Nobody called you, did they?

**14. বাক্যের শুরুতে There থাকলে Tag question এর সময় subject হিসেবে There ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমনঃ

There is a school in our village.

Ans: There is a school in our village, isn’t there?

**15. Sentence এর subject হিসেবে ইতর প্রাণী, শিশু বা জড় পদার্থ ব্যবহৃত হলে Tag question এর subject এ “it” ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

The baby is crying.         Ans: The baby is crying, isn’t it?

**16. Sentence এর subject হিসেবে This/that ব্যবহৃত হলে Tag করার সময় subject হিসেবে it ব্যবহার কার হয়। আবার, These/those হলে are ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমন:

This is your book.              Ans: This is your book, isn’t it?

These are my book.        Ans: These are my book, aren’t they?

Tag questions এ ব্যবহৃত Auxiliary verb এর Negative এর সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ নিচে দেওয়া হলো

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SSC and Dakhil exam routine 2017

SSC Routine

Dakhil Routine

Rules of right form of verbs

** Universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য) বা Habitual truth (অভ্যাসগত সত্য) বাক্য সব সময় present indefinite tense হয়। যেমনঃ

The earth ______ round the sun. (to move)

Ans: The earth moves round the sun.

** বক্স বা ব্র্যাকেটের মধ্যে be থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে subject ও person অনুযায়ী am, is, are, was বা were এর যে কোন একটি বসবে।যেমনঃ

The rich ____ not always happy. (be)

Ans: The rich are not always happy.

** Every day, regularly, daily, always, never, sometimes, generally, usually ইত্যাদি adverb উল্লেখ থাকেলে present indefinite tense হয়। যেমনঃ

He always _____ the truth. (to speak)

Ans: He always speaks the truth.

** Sentence এর মধ্যে ‘now’, ‘at this time’ থাকলে present continuous tense এবং ‘then’ থাকলে past continuous tense হয়। যেমনঃ

They _____ football now. (to play)

Ans: They are playing football now.

He ________ a novel then. (to read)

Ans: He was reading a novel then.

** Sentence- এ just, just now, recently, already, yet, ever ইত্যাদি শব্দ থাকলে present perfect tense হয়। যেমনঃ

He just _____ here. (reach)

Ans: He has just reached here.

** কিছুকাল ব্যাপিয়া বা অনির্দিষ্ট সময় বুঝালে for এবং নির্দিষ্ট সময় বুঝালে since এবং sentence টি present perfect continuous tense হয়। যেমনঃ

I ________ from fever for the last five days. (suffer)

Ans: I have been suffering from fever for the last five days.

It _______ since morning. (to rain)

Ans: It has been raining since morning.

** Yesterday, last, last night, ago, long ago, long since ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে past indefinite tense হয়। যেমনঃ

He _______ a sweet dream last night. (to dream)

He dreamt a sweet dream last night.

** ‘Since’ বাক্যে conjunction রূপে বসলে ‘since’ এর পূর্বের অংশ present perfect tense বা present indefinite tense হয় ও ‘since’ এর পরের অংশ past indefinite tense হয়। যেমনঃ

Ten years __________ since I _____ her. (to pass, meet)

Ans: Ten years have passed since I met her.

** ‘Since’ এর প্রথম অংশ past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ past perfect tense হয়। যেমনঃ

It was many years since I ____ her. (meet)

Ans: It was many years since I had met her.

** Had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must ইত্যাদির পরে verb এর present form হয় এবং প্রদত্ত verb এর পূর্বে to থাকলে উঠে যায়। যেমনঃ

I would rather ________ than beg. (to die)

Ans: I would rather die than beg.

** একটি sentence এ দুইটি verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় verb এর সাথে ing যুক্ত করতে হয়। যেমন:

I have finished _______ the book. (to read)

Ans: I have finished reading the book.

** Sentence এর শুরুতে would that থাকলে subject এর পরে could বসে এবং প্রদত্ত verb এর present form হয়। যেমনঃ

Would that I ______ the work. (do)

Ans: Would that I could do the work.

** If যুক্ত কোন sentence এর প্রথম অংশ present indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ future indefinite tense হয়। যেমনঃ

If you come I _______ . (go)

Ans: If you come I shall go.

** If এর পরে যদি past tense থাকে, তবে পরবর্তী clause বা sentence- এর subject এর পর would বসে এবং মূল verb এর present form হয়। যেমনঃ

If I knew his number, I ______ him. (phone)

Ans: If I knew his number, I would phone him.

** If এর পরে past parfect tense থাকলে, পরবর্তী clause বা sentence- এর subject এর পরে would have বসে এবং মূল verb এর past participle form হয়। যেমনঃ

If you had gone to the party you ______________ lots of people. (meet)

Ans: If you had gone to the party you would have met lots of people.

** Conjunction lest –এর পরে auxiliary verb should এবং verb এর present form বসে।যেমনঃ

He ran fast lest he _______ the train. (miss)

Ans: He ran fast lest he should miss the train.

** It is high time এর পরে verb এর past form হয়। যেমনঃ

It is high time we _______ our eating habits. (change)

Ans: It is high time we changed our eating habits.

** ‘While’ এর পরে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়। কিন্তু while এর পরে subject থাকলে past continuous tense হয়। যেমনঃ

While ______ in the garden, a snake bit him. (walk)

Ans: While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.

While he _________ in the garden, a snake bit him. (walk)

Ans: While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.

** Preposition ‘of’, ‘by’ এবং without –এর পরে verb- এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়। যেমনঃ

I never thought of ______ there. (go)

Ans: I never thought of going there.

** would you mind, with a view to, look forward to, enjoy এর পরবর্তি verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়। যেমনঃ

Would you mind _______ the door. (close)

Ans: Would you mind closing the door.

I enjoy _______ television. (watch)

Ans: I enjoy watching television.

** As if এর পরে be verb থাকলে were বসে। যেমনঃ

He talks as if he ______ a mad. (be)

Ans: He talks as if he were a mad.

** I wish এর পর ইচ্ছাসূচক বক্যে subject এর পর were বসে। যেমনঃ

I wish I ______ a king. (be)

Ans: I wish I were a king.

পরের অংশ পেতে আমাদের সঙ্গেই থাকুন

গণিতের কিছু প্রয়োজনীয় সুত্র

 

 কমেন্ট বক্সে আপনার পছন্দের বিষয়ের উল্লেখ করলে আমরা সেই বিষয় সম্পর্কে পোষ্ট দেয়ার চেষ্ট করব। 

SSC Math Preparation 2017

SSC English 1st and 2nd paper Suggestion 2017

English 1st and 2nd paper suggestion: 

Some important paragraph:

*** A book Fair
*** Winter morning
*** A School magazine
*** Tree plantation
*** Load shedding
*** International mother language day
*** Deforestation
*** Rainy day
*** Environment pollution
*** National flag

Completing story: 
*** Two friends and a bear
*** Slow and Steady wins the race
*** An honest woodcutter and a fairy
*** A Thirsty Crow and a Jar
*** Sheikh Saadi and prestige of dress
*** Two friends and a bear
*** Bayazid’s devotion to his mother
*** Unity is strength 

Graph and Chart: 
*** population growth of Bangladesh
*** The internet and Facebook users of Bangladesh
*** Literacy and Illiteracy rate
*** Mobile phone users of Bangladesh
*** Average temperature of the year in Bangladesh
*** The elderly people attitude to past times
*** GPA holder in SSC examination 

Formal Letter/Email

*** About importance of learning English/ Reading newspaper

*** Thanking your friends for hospitality/ sending nice gift

*** Importance of physical exercise

*** Congratulating him on his brilliant success in the examination

*** Annual sports day/ Prize giving ceremony

*** Condolence at a friend's father's/mother's death

 CV with cover letter

*** For lecturer in English/ Assistance teacher

*** For a computer operator

*** For Probationary Officer in bank

*** Assistant marketing manager 

To get more Stay with us

Easy technique of paragraph writing ( Paragraph লিখার সহজ উপায়)

Paragraph Of the laboring people অর্থাৎ নিম্নবিত্ত মানুষদের নিয়ে paragraph যেমন: ( A rickshaw puller, A farmer,  A street Hawker,  A village doctor, A post man,  etc)

There is  none in our country Who does  not know about ...... (উল্লেখিত বিষয়). He's a self-reliant people in our society. Self reliant people is asset of country.  ______ (উল্লেথিত বিষয়) is  very familiar in our country. ___(উল্লেখিত বিষয়) is a person who works hard all day and night. She lives in a slum or a small cottage. He dear to all of us and gentle in nature. He is able to work in all kinds of  environment . He does a lot for the welfare of the people. But he spent living in poverty. When he fell ill, his sorrow can not be described. He can not manage his family due to economic indigence. He can not educate his children owing to acute poverty. He always lives misery and dies in misery.He has no dignity and respect in our society. In fact, they are happy Because they live an honest life. However he is an expected person for some people. Our life is impossible without his sincere and honest service. Government should take some steps for the development of minimum standard of their livelihood.We should respect their profession.



Paragraph about any national problem like:(Load shedding, Illiteracy, Traffic jam, Population problem etc) অর্থাৎ যে কোন জাতীয় সমস্যা বিষয়ক:


There are many problems in our country, which is an obstacle to development of the country. ____ (উল্লেখিত বিষয়) is one of them. It is increasing day by day.This problem is currently being seen too seriously. At present, this issue is worrying. Most of the people of our country are unconscious. Because of unconsciousness this problem is increasing day by day.This problem has hampered our normal lives. So we need to find a solution to this problem.If we do not solve this problem, we can not progress. Our people should be aware of. If we want to solve this problem. We should take proper steps . There is no doubt that it is harmful to all of us. It is good news that our government has taken some proper steps. Media also can help to solve this problem.

.

technique of dialogue writing

আমাদের প্রয়োজনীয়  অনেক বিষয় যেমন:- ( Importance of reading newspaper, Tree plantation, Importance of early rising, Importance of taking physical exercise ইত্যাদি) নিয়ে Dialogue লিখার কৌশল:
A dialogue between Anwar and Asif about  উল্লেখিত বিষয় .

Anawar : Hello Asif , how are you?
Asif : Fine by the grace of almighty Allah. And you?
Anwar: I’m fine too. Are you busy now ?
Asif : No, but why ?
Anwar : I would like to discuss an important issue.
Asif  : Of course, I would like to discuss with you about it.
Anwar  : Can you tell me about ________যে বিষয় উল্লেখ থাকবে ?
Asif : The importance of                       so that cannot be expressed in words. It is a necessary step, which requires each of our lives.  It is very important for human being. If we want to live a happy and prosperous life, We should know the importance of _____(উল্লেখিত বিষয়) . Our future will not improve unless its importance.
Anwar : Thank you very much. I have learnt  a lot from you.
Asif  : Welcome. I have to go now. Good bye.
Anwar : Good bye.

ক্ষতিকর কোন কিছু যেমন-(smoking, deforestation, Pollution etc) নিয়ে Dialogue:

Anawar : Hello Asif , how are you?

Asif : Fine by the grace of almighty Allah. And you?

Anwar: I’m fine too. Are you busy now ?

Asif : No, but why ?

Anwar : I would like to discuss an important issue.

Asif  : Of course, I would like to discuss with you about it.

Anwar  : Can you tell me about ________যে বিষয় উল্লেখ থাকবে ?

Asif : The impact of ______ উল্লেখিত বিষয় is so severe that it can not be expressed in words. Most people are unaware of our country about it .  The problem is increasing day by day due to ignorance. It impedes our normal life. It has become a disease. It is destroying society.

Anwar : How can we solve it?

Asif  : To solve this problem, we  should make our people aware of. Everybody should come forward as far as possible to solve this problem. Government and media also should come forward .

Anwar : Thank you very much. I have learnt  a lot from you.

Asif  : Welcome. I have to go now. Good bye.

Anwar : Good bye.

যে কোন প্রকার ইমেইল লিখার নিয়ম

To: যার কাছে ইমেইল লিখবে তার মেইল যেমন:  Muradkhan3230@gmail.com

From: তোমার নিজের ইমেইল যেমন: tutul014@gmail.com

Subject: যে বিষয়ে ইমেইল লিখবে যেমন: Thanking your friend for sending nice gift

Sent: যে তারিখে মেইল পাঠাবে যেমন: 21/11/2016

My Dear _________ (যার কাছে মেইল পাঠাবে তার নাম) 

I have just received your email. Take my love from the bottom of my heart. I'm very good with the goodness of all.I hope you are very well by the grace of God.

(মেইল এর মূল বিষয় নিয়ে কয়েকটি বাক্য লিখতে হবে)

Not anymore. I will meet with you very soon. Take care of your health.

Your Lovely

................ (তোমার নাম)

To: Muradkhan3230@gmail.com

From: tutul014@gmail.com

subject: Thank's for your sending nice gift

Sent: 21/11/2016

My Dear Murad,

I have just received your email. Take my love from the bottom of my heart. I'm very good with the goodness of all.I hope you are very well by the grace of God.

I am very glad to receive a parcel of a nice birthday gift from you. I'm surprised for that how did you guess that I  really need a  dictionary.  It will be a lot in my life. I have received many gifts in life, but it is the most precious gift in my life.

Not anymore. I will meet with you very soon. Take care of your health.

Your Lovely

Tutul

Some important rules of passage narration part 2

*** Direct speech এ Sir থাকলে Indirect Speech এ Sir এর পরিবর্তে respectfully অথবা addressing as sir লিখতে হয়।যেমন:

Direct: Kamal Said to the teacher, "Sir, I need three days leave."

Indirect: Kamal told the teacher respectfully that he needed three days leave.

*** Reported speech যদি By Allah/Jove/God/My Life ইত্যাদি দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তাহলে এর পরিবর্তে Indirect speech- এর শুরুতে Swearing by Allah/Jove/God/my life বসবে। যেমন:

Direct: "By Allah", he replied, "I will not leave this house."

Indirect: Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not leave that house. 

***Reported speech এ "Thank you" থাকলে Indirect speech এ প্রথমে Reporting verb এর subject এর পরে thanked তারপর reporting verb এর object বসবে। যেমন:
Direct: Raju said to me, "Thank you".
Indirect: Raju thanked me.

***Reported speech এ "Good bye" থাকলে Indirect এর গঠন হবে- Reporting verb এর subject + bade + good-bye. যেমন:
Direct: Rajib said, "Good bye my friends."
Indirect: Rajib bade his friends good-bye.

***Reported speech- এ যদি good morning/good evening/good night থাকে তবে Indrect speech এ Reporting verb এর subject + wished + good morning/good evening/good night বসে। যেমন:
Direct: I said to him, "Good  evening".
Indirect: I wished him good-evening. 

***কখনো Reported speech - এ পূর্ণরূপ Sentence- এ থাকে না। সেক্ষেত্রে Indirect- পরিবর্তন করার সময় বক্তব্যকে অনুসরণ করে পূর্নাঙ্গ sentence- এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে। যেমন:
Direct: "You have done many work. How much pay you?" I said to the man, "Fifty taka?" "Anything is all right."
Indirect: I told the man that he had done many work. I also asked him how much I should pay him. I further asked him if fifty taka would do. He replied that anything was all right.

*** Direct speech- এ বক্তা ও শ্রোতার উল্লেখ না থাকলে বক্তার ক্ষেত্রে The speaker ও শ্রোতার ক্ষেত্রে The listener/ The person spoken to ব্যবাহর করতে হবে। যেমন:
Direct: "Are you writing a letter?" "Yes, I am writing a letter."
Indirect: The speaker asked the listener if he was writing a letter. The listener replied in affirmative and said that he was writing a letter.

Some important rules of passage narration

১। সমস্ত passage টি পড়ে বক্তা,শ্রোতা এবং sentence এর ক্রিয়ার ধরন চিহ্নিত কতে হবে।

২। Reporting verb মাঝে বা শেষে থাকলেও indirect করতে হলে তা প্রথমে আনতে হবে| †hgb:

Direct: “Do you like to read poetry?” Ashiq said to Rafiq.

Indirect: Ashiq asked Rafiq if he like to read poetry.

৩।কোন বক্তার উক্তি একের অধিক হলে পরবর্তী উক্তিগুলোর ক্ষেত্রে Assertive sentence এ also said/ added/ further said/ again said ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

Interrogative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে also asked/ again asked/ further asked ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে। যেমন:

Direct: “How can I believe you? Perhaps you’re a man from the sheriff of the town.” the leader of the gang of robbers growled.

Indirect: The leader of the gang of robbers growled and asked the person spoken to how he could believe. He again said that perhaps he was a man from the sheriff of the town.

4| Reported Speech –এ “Yes” -এর পরে আর কোন বক্তব্য না থাকলে “Yes” পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb অথবা replied in affirmative বসে। আর “Yes” -এর পরে কোন বক্তব্য থাকলে replied in affirmative and said that বসে।যেমন:

Direct: Sumon said to me, “Have you done the sum?” I said, “Yes”.

Indirect: Sumon asked me if I had done the sum. I said that I had / I replied in the affirmative.

আবার,

Direct: Rahim said to Karim, “Have you completed your work?” “Yes, I will submit it tomorrow,” said Karim.

Indirect: Rahim asked Karim, if he had completed his work. Karim replied in the affirmative and said that he would submit that the next day.

**Reported Speech এ শুধু “No” থাকলে No এর পরিবর্তে replied in the negative বসবে অথবা subject এর পর auxiliary verb + not বসবে। যেমন:

Direct: Asif said to Shafiq, “Are you writing a letter?” Shafiq said, “No”.

Indirect: Asif asked Shafiq if he was writing a letter. Shafiq replied that he was not / Shafiq replied in the negative.

আবার No এর পরে যদি কোন বক্তব্য থাকে তবে Indirect speech G replied in the negative and said that বসে। যেমন:

Direct: Rajib said to Mithu, “Are you playing football tomorrow?” “No, I have changed my decision,” said Mithu.

Indirect: Rajib asked Mithu if he was playing football the next day. Mithu replied in the negative and said that he had changed his decision.